预移相型恒温热线(膜)流速计的动态响应方程

分析传统恒温热线热膜流速计(简称 HWFA)动态方程后,提出了一种新型HWFA 线路模型——主电桥预移相模型,推导出真实条件下小扰动动态响应方程,并按此原理设计制造了崭新的高性能 IFV—900型 HWFA 样机。该机全部革除了传统HWFA 的三个调节参量,大大地简化了调节步骤;不自激振荡的范围明显增宽,极大地减少了使用上的麻烦;频带宽度比当今世界流行的 HWFA 增宽了2～5倍;加上一系列智能化功能后使自动化程度达到了新的高度。这一新型 HWFA 的问世将可能导至 HWFA技术的重大改进和新的变革。首先阐明主电桥预移相模型的提出和真实条件下小扰动动态响应方程的推导。随后将用若干姐妹篇阐明动态方程频率响应调节元物理值的解析解,频率特性实验分析手段的电扰动试验响应情况的理论分析等内容。     

腐蚀对sic/Al(L2)和sic/Al-Ni复合丝力学性能的影响~①

本文对SiC/Al(L2)和SiC/A1-Ni复合丝在蒸馏水和在3.5％NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。通过测试腐蚀前后复合丝的抗拉强度,利用气相色谱、发射光谱、X射线衍射等手段分析腐蚀气体和腐蚀产物,观察金相和扫描电镜下形貌的变化,发现SiC/A1复合丝在室温蒸馏水中36天、50℃和75℃蒸馏水中各15天浸泡后,其抗拉强度基本保持不变,说明该类复合材料对潮湿环境具有良好的耐腐蚀性能;SiC/A1-Ni复合丝在3.5％NaC1溶液中浸泡后,其抗拉强度随溶液温度升高和时闻延长而逐渐下降;其腐蚀主要是选择性腐蚀,其次是孔蚀和缝隙蚀。     

低温热水分户计量采暖系统共用立管水力平衡分析

本文分析了重力作用压头对低温热水计量采暖系统共用立管形式的影响,通过运用基尔霍夫定律分析了下分异程式双管系统和下分同程式双管系统的水力平衡状况,得出了下分异程式双管系统更适用于低温热水采暖系统的结论,并确定了立管经济比摩阻的范围和下分异程式双管可以负担的楼层数。     

嵌金属丝端燃药柱固体发动机水下点火数值模拟研究

为探讨降低固体火箭发动机水下点火初期推力峰值的方法,通过对燃气采用常微分控制方程、对嵌金属丝采用一维传热方程、对端燃药柱采用二维轴对称传热方程、对燃气泡采用球形气泡模型,就嵌金属丝端燃药柱发动机水下点火的工作过程进行了数值模拟研究。算例结果显示,发动机水下点火初期的推力峰值小于稳定工作推力,初始燃面积对推力峰值影响较大,发动机达到稳定工作推力所需时间随药柱直径的减小而迅速减小,发射深度的变化对推力达到稳定状态所需时间影响很小。     

燃气推力矢量控制发动机内流场数值模拟

采用基于Favre平均的三维N-S方程,对燃气推力矢量控制发动机全内流场进行了数值仿真,研究了燃气引流、燃气二次喷射及与发动机内主流相互作用等复杂流动。研究结果表明,流场内包含复杂的涡系结构和波系结构,还存在着边界层与激波的相互干扰、自由剪切层、激波、膨胀波和大尺寸分离。通过数值模拟,对试验中的异常现象进行了定性分析,得出了与试验一致的结论。     

人-机系统飞行安全可靠性问题的研究

在分析飞机电传操纵系统（FBW）特点的基础上，建立了习行器和电传操纵系统的数学模型，建立了电传操纵系统故障及飞行员干预的概率模型。应用马尔可夫链建立了人－机产行安全可靠性的数学模型，采用伊万诺夫法评估了某型第三代飞机在电传操纵系统故障报的排除的条件概率，并计算了电传操纵系统故障后该型飞机的飞行风险，最后提出了使用建议及技术改进建议。     

Instability and unsteadiness of aircraft wake vortices

This paper presents a review of theoretical and experimental results on stability and other unsteady properties of aircraft wakes. The basic mechanisms responsible for the propagation and the amplification of perturbation along vortices, namely the Kelvin waves and the cooperative instabilities, are first detailed. These two generic unsteady mechanisms are described by considering asymptotic linear stability analysis of model flows such as vortex filaments or Lamb–Oseen vortices. Extension of the linear analysis to more representative flows, using a biglobal stability approach, is also described. Experimental results obtained using LDV, hot wire and PIV in wind tunnels are presented and they are commented upon the light of theory.     

用一种新型焊丝焊接TC18钛合金的接头性能与组织研究

对采用研制的焊丝和采用TC18同质焊材钨极氩弧焊焊接TC18钛合金的接头力学性能及微观组织进行了对比研究,结果表明:采用同质焊材焊接TC18钛合金只能保证接头的强度指标,而采用研制的新型焊丝焊接TC18钛合金,可以保证接头具有优良的综合力学性能.     

Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument (MIMI) on the Cassini Mission to Saturn/Titan

The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R _S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm² sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5^∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm² sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm² sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm² sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R _S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R _S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date.     

机械合金化＋热压制备Laves相NbCr2合金及其组织性能研究

采用机械合金化 热压工艺路线来制备化学配比成分的单相Laves相NbCr2合金.研究了Cr,Nb元素粉经20h球磨后在1200℃,1250℃和1300℃不同时间热压所获得的Laves相NbCr2合金的组织和性能.结果表明:1250℃×0.5h热压获得的Laves相NbCr2合金组织均匀,晶粒尺寸达到微/纳米级,致密度达到97.1%,室温断裂韧性高于5.07MPa·m1/2.与熔铸工艺制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的断裂韧性1.50MPa·m1/2相比,所制备的单相Laves相NbCr2合金的室温断裂韧性大大提高,充分实现了细晶韧化的效果.